[29] Ford and others at the company struggled with ways to scale up production in keeping with Henry Ford's vision of a car designed and manufactured on a scale so as to be affordable by the average worker. The causes of the Second Industrial Revolution were: Natural resources (coal,iron, oil) Abundant Labor Supply (immigration) Strong Government Policy (Laissez Faire) New Sources of Power ( electricity,petroleum,steel) Railroads American Inventors and Inventions Your welcome. The Second Industrial Revolution also gave rise to the first workplace safety and work hours laws, including the prohibition of child labor. 6) Scientific Revolution. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 2) European Imperialism | Causes Of The Industrial Revolution. Social and Political Impact of the Second Phase of the Industrial The early technique of hot blast used iron for the regenerative heating medium. Railroads were largely responsible for this great burst of economic production, according to Richard White, a Stanford history professor and author of Railroaded (2001). ,[49][50] built by engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, was the longest ship in the world at 236ft (72m) with a 250-foot (76m) keel and was the first to prove that transatlantic steamship services were viable. These governors came into use in the late 18th century on wind and water mills to correctly position the gap between mill stones, and were adapted to steam engines by James Watt. Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell was particularly influentialhis discoveries ushered in the era of modern physics. 18 terms. For the magazine, see. Advancements in factory workflow, such as mass production, electrification, and automation contributed to economic growth. Mass Production & Assembly Line 2. [52], "The economic changes that have occurred during the last quarter of a century -or during the present generation of living men- have unquestionably been more important and more varied than during any period of the world's history". German inventor Karl Benz patented the world's first automobile in 1886. This led to many business failures and periods that were called depressions that occurred as the world economy actually grew. The SiemensMartin process complemented rather than replaced the Bessemer process. 7) Governmental Policies. By the 1870s superphosphates produced in those factories, were being shipped around the world from the port at Ipswich.[71][72]. entertainment, news presenter | 4.8K views, 31 likes, 13 loves, 80 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from GBN Grenada Broadcasting Network: GBN News 28th April 2023 Anchor: Kenroy Baptiste. Belgium thus became the railway center of the region. [25][26] This set the stage for the electrification of industry and the home. Terms in this set (3) . Young found that by slow distillation he could obtain a number of useful liquids from it, one of which he named "paraffine oil" because at low temperatures it congealed into a substance resembling paraffin wax. How did the Industrial Revolution change society? [102], The German Empire came to rival Britain as Europe's primary industrial nation during this period. Other technological developments followed, including the invention of the surface condenser, which allowed boilers to run on purified water rather than salt water, eliminating the need to stop to clean them on long sea journeys. Hofmann headed a school of practical chemistry in London, under the style of the Royal College of Chemistry, introduced modern conventions for molecular modeling and taught Perkin who discovered the first synthetic dye. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Test. When the averages of all southern states and all northern states are taken, the trend holds with the North over-performing by about 2 percent, and the South under-performing by about 1 percent. "Second industrial revolution" has been used in the popular press and by technologists or industrialists to refer to the changes following the spread of new technology after World War I. This era saw the birth of the modern ship as disparate technological advances came together. Europe together accounted for 62%.[94]. To achieve this aim, the engine cylinders were not immobile as in most engines, but secured in the middle by trunnions which allowed the cylinders themselves to pivot back and forth as the crankshaft rotated, hence the term oscillating. Germany was not weighted down with an expensive worldwide empire that needed defense. Although the machines made work easier in some ways, factory work created many problems for the laborers. The Mariner's Mirror, The Journal of the Society of Nautical Research. and Brian Harrison. The girls said they worked long hours in a candy factory and couldnt stand the sight or smell of it. [91], By 1890 there was an international telegraph network allowing orders to be placed by merchants in England or the US to suppliers in India and China for goods to be transported in efficient new steamships. In 1800, Matthias Koops, working in London, investigated the idea of using wood to make paper, and began his printing business a year later. This difference was most notable in the states with the largest populations, such as New York and Pennsylvania. They continued to be drivers of the economy until after WWII. For the first time, goods from the American heartland could be shipped long distances, eliminating the need for local bartering systems. Sidney Gilchrist Thomas developed a more sophisticated process to eliminate the phosphorus from iron. A Beginner's Guide to the Industrial Revolution. During the c, newly developed resources like steel, petroleum, and railroads, along with the superior new power source of electricity, allowed factories to increase production to unheard-of levels. The vulcanization of rubber, by American Charles Goodyear and Englishman Thomas Hancock in the 1840s paved the way for a growing rubber industry, especially the manufacture of rubber tyres[54]. Electrification also allowed the inexpensive production of electro-chemicals, such as aluminium, chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and magnesium.[32].

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