, Bottoms, A., & Shapland, J. The number of prosecutions for possession of weapons offences in England and Wales has increased by 5% since 2014, with 13,100 defendants prosecuted in 2018. In 2017, 53% of possession of knife suspects were Black, and 37% of all suspects were Black men under the age of 25. Why Crime Rates Fall and Why They Dont, volume 43 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research Chicago: University of Chicago Press pp.421- 490; Morgan, N., Shaw, O., Feist, A., and Byron, C. (2016). [footnote 36] Also, the data and analysis is skewed by research from the US, where criminal gang cultures are much more salient and deeply-embedded. [footnote 58], What can be observed from these studies is a pattern that highlights how a series of interrelated factors appear to be able to predict broad patterns of offending to a reasonable level. [footnote 86] The main causes for LCP offenders are thought to be poor attention and hyperactivity (in early childhood), as well as family and societal disadvantages. It is generally the case that custodial sentencing is associated with a variety of factors, such as offender age, ethnicity, offence type and court where the case was heard. Knife crime in London - Office for National Statistics Beginning with policing, Harcourts 2006 study in the US found that many interviewees carry weapons because they have limited confidence in the police to protect them from violence. Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, Farrington, D. P., Piquero, A. R., & Jennings, W. G. (2013). Knife Crime in London: Drugs, Gangs and Policing Weapons and violence: A review of theory and research. Legitimacy is one such factor. Knife crime a much greater concern among ethnic minority Britons This is nearly twice the rate as among the wider population, at 9%. For every 100,000 people in the capital, there were 169 knife offences in 2018-19. [footnote 75]. At Crown Court, not guilty pleas were significantly more likely but custodial remand actually lower for Black men relative to White men. [footnote 35] Also, the concepts of gangs and gang membership are problematic. Observers have stated that knife crime within . While they can demonstrate broad patterns of disparities in CJS outcomes in relation to ethnicity, such aggregation cannot meaningfully be used to explore why these patterns exist. Knife and Offensive Weapon Sentencing Statistics: July to September An analysis of indicators of serious violence: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study and the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study 2019. London: University of Chicago Press. Consequently, we provide analysis of this issue in Appendix 2. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic disproportionality in the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales, table A2.5 in Appendix 2. There are powerful limitations in the available data and existing analysis of county lines offending. Methamphetamine use and acquisitive crime: Evidence of a relationship. [footnote 18]. London is identified as the primary exporting hub, with 65% of the UKs police forces reporting lines into their jurisdiction originating in the capital. For example, one study[footnote 46] found that professional burglars used illegal drugs when committing offences to reduce their anxiety and remain vigilant. , Anderson, E. (1999). We summarise these below. The disparities in police contact then flow into distinctively different ethnic pathways through the CJS. The British Journal of Criminology, 59(3), 571-593.

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